A. Study this example situation:
Dennis
stopped smoking two years ago. He doesn't smoke any more.
But he
used to smoke.
He used
to smoke 40 cigarettes a day.
'He used
to smoke' = he smoked regularly for some time in the past, but he doesn't smoke
now. He was a smoker, but now he isn't
B.
'Something used to happen' = something happened regularly in the past but no
longer happens:
* I used
to play tennis a lot but I don't play very often now.
* Diane
used to travel a lot. These days she doesn't go away so often.
* 'Do
you go to the cinema very often?' 'Not now, but I used to.' (= I used to go
...)
We also
use used to... for something that was true but is not true any more:
* This
building is now a furniture shop. It used to be a cinema.
* I used
to think he was unfriendly but now I realise he's a very nice person.
* I've
started drinking coffee recently. I never used to like it before.
* Janet
used to have very long hair when she was a child.
C. 'I
used to do something' is past. There is no present form. You cannot say 'I use
to do'. To talk about the present, use the present simple (I do).
Compare:
past: he
used to smoke we used to live there used to be
present:
he smokes we live there is
* We
used to live in a small village but now we live in London.
* There
used to be four cinemas in the town. Now there is only one.
D. The
normal question form is did (you) use to ...?:
* Did
you use to eat a lot of sweets when you were a child?
The
negative form is didn't use to ... (used not to ... is also possible)
* I
didn't use to like him. (or I used not to like him.)
E.
Compare I used to do and I was doing (see Unit 6):
* I used
to watch TV a lot. (= I watched TV regularly in the past, but I no longer do
this)
* I was
watching TV when the phone rang. (= I was in the middle of watching TV)
F. Do
not confuse I used to do and I am used to doing (see Unit 60). The structures
and meanings are different:
* I used
to live alone. (= I lived alone in the past but I no longer live alone)
* I am
used to living alone. (= I live alone and I don't find it strange or new
because I've been living alone for some time)
EXERCISES
18.1
Complete these sentences with use(d) to ... + a suitable verb.
1.
Dennis gave up smoking two years ago. He used to smoke 40 cigarettes a day.
2. Liz
--- a motorbike, but last year she sold it and bought a car.
3. We
came to live in Manchester a few years ago. We --- in Nottingham.
4. I
rarely cat ice cream now but I --- it when I was a child.
5. Jim
--- my best friend but we aren't friends any longer.
6. It
only takes me about 40 minutes to get to work since the new road was opened. It
--- more than an hour.
7. There
--- a hotel opposite the station but it closed a long time ago
8. When
you lived in London, --- to the theatre very often?
18.2
Brian changed his lifestyle. He stopped doing some things and started doing
other things:
He
stopped studying hard/going to bed early/running three miles e3very morning
He
started smoking/going out in the evening/spending a lot of money
Write
sentences about Brian with used to and didn't use to.
1. He
used to smoke.
2. He
didn't use to smoke.
3. ---
4. ---
5. ---
6. ---
18.3
Compare what Carol said five years ago and what she says today:
FIVE
YEARS A GO
I travel
a lot,
I play
the piano.
I'm very
lazy.
I don't
like cheese.
I've got
a dog.
I'm a
hotel receptionist.
I've got
lots of friends.
I never
read newspapers.
I don't
drink tea.
I go to
a lot of parties.
TODAY
I eat
lots of cheese now.
I work
very hard these days.
I don't
know in people these days.
I work
in a bookshop now.
I don't
go away much these days.
My dog
died two years ago.
I read a
newspaper every day now.
I
haven't been to a party for ages.
I
haven't played piano for years.
Tea's
great! I like it now.
Now
write sentences about bow Carol has changed. Use used to/didn't use to/never
used to in the first part of your sentence.
1 She
used to travel a lot but she doesn't go away much these days.
2. She
used --- but ---
3. ---
but ---
4. ---
but ---
5. ---
but ---
6. ---
but ---
7. ---
but ---
8. ---
but ---
9. ---
but ---
10. ---
but ---
Answers
18.1
2 used
to have/used to ride
3 used
to live
4 used
to like/used to love/used to eat
5 used
to be
@p314
6 used
to take
7 used
to be
8 did
you use to go
18.2
3-6
He used
to go to bed early.
He used
to run three miles every morning.
He
didn't use to go out in the evening.
He
didn't use to spend much money./... spend a lot of money
18.3
2-10
She used
to play the piano but she hasn't played (the piano) for years.
She used
to be very lazy but she works very hard these days.
She
didn't use to like cheese but she eats lots of cheese now.
She used
to have a dog but it died two years ago.
She used
to be a hotel receptionist but she works in a bookshop now.
She used
to have lots of friends but she doesn't know many people these days.
She
never used to read newspapers but she reads a newspaper every day now.
She
didn't use to drink tea but she likes it now.
She used
to go to a lot of parties but she hasn't been to a party for ages.
